UDK 621.43.056 Doi: 10.31772/2587-6066-2020-21-3-356-363
THE INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF FUEL SUPPLY INTO THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER ON THE QUALITY OF MIXING AND ON THE CARBON OXIDE FORMATION
A. V. Baklanov
Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev − KAI; 10, Marx St., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
The burning of fuel in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine (GTE) is accompanied by formation of toxic substances. The most dangerous among them are carbon oxides that have a detrimental effect on humans and environment. In this regard the article is solving the urgent problem of determining the optimal method of gaseous fuel supplying in GTE combustion chamber to ensure low carbon-oxide emissions. The paper presents the design features of injectors that work with a separate supply of air and fuel. Natural gas is used as fuel. One of the considered injectors provides jet fuel supply by means of a perforated spray, and another one provides twisted fuel supply by means of a swirler built into the fuel channel. The main geometric parameters of the injectors are given as well, such as the size of the swirler, the number of blades, and the diameter of the output nozzle. In this regard the quality of air-fuel mixture preparation in a swirl jet in the outlet of the burner with two types of injector is defined. It is found that the best quality of mixing is ensured by the injector with jet spray. The design of a heat pipe simulator, in which the tested nozzle is placed, is considered. The design of a stand installation designed for testing injectors in a heat pipe simulator, as well as the modes under which these tests were carried out, are presented. The results were obtained in a heat pipe simulator with installed jet injectors and injectors with a swirling fuel jet. An analysis was conducted, which resulted in conclusions about the effectiveness of using jet injectors. According to the conducted research, the parameters of the injector with a swirling fuel jet are characterized by the presence of high values of CO levels in the combustion products, which is explained by the extremely low quality of mixing fuel with air and, consequently, low efficiency of fuel combustion. Jet fuel injection has low CO values, which indicates good quality of mixing fuel with air and high efficiency of a combustion process. As a result, we have received recommendations on setting the selected type of injectors in a full-size combustion chamber.
Keywords: combustion chamber of gas-turbine engine, emission reduction, diffusion combustion, injector, burner, mixing.
References

1. Matveev S. S., Zubrilin I. A., Orlov M. Yu., Matveev
S. G., Chechet I. V. Investigation of fuel distribution
in partially premixed swirled burner with pilot flame.
Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo Turbomachinery
Technical Conference and Exposition. Сер. “ASME
Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference
and Exposition, GT 2016” 2016.
2. Baklanov A. V., Neumoin S. P. [A technique of
gaseous fuel and air mixture quality identification behind
the swirl burner of gas turbine engine combustion chamber].
Russian Aeronautics. 2017, Vol. 60, P. 90–96
(In Russ.).
3. Gritsenko E. A., Danilchenko V. P., Lukachev S.
V. Konvertirovanie aviatsionnykh GTD v gazoturbinnye
ustanovki nazemnogo primeneniya [Conversion of aviation
gas turbine engines to land-based gas turbines]. Samara,
SNTs RAN Publ., 2004, 266 p.
4. Mingazov B. G. Kamery sgoraniya gazoturbinnykh
dvigateley [The combustion chamber of gas turbine engines].
Kazan, Izd-vo Kazan. gos. tekhn. un-ta Publ.,
2004, 220 p. (In Russ.).
5. Baklanov A. V. [Controlling fuel combustion process
by burner design change in gas turbine engine combustion
chamber]. Vestnik Moskovskogo aviatsionnogo
instituta. 2018, Vol. 25, No. 2, P. 73–85 (In Russ.).
6. Markushin A. N., Baklanov A. V. [Testing stands
for researching the processes and maturation of low emission
combusters]. Vestnik of the Samara State Aerospace
University. 2013, No. 3(41), P. 131–138 (In Russ.).
7. Lefebvre A. H., Ballal D. R. Gas Turbine Combustion:
Alternative Fuels and Emissions. Third Edition.
CRC Press, 2010, 560 p.
8. Lefebvre A. H. Fuel effects on gas turbine combustion-
ignition, stability, and combustion efficiency. Am.
Soc. Mech. Eng. (Pap.); (United States). 1984, Vol. 84,
No. CONF-840611.
9. Gritsenko E. A., Danilchenko V. P., Lukachev S. V.
et al. Nekotorye voprosy proektirovaniya aviatsionnykh
gazoturbinnykh dvigateley [Some issues of designing aircraft
gas turbine engines]. Samara, SNTs RAN Publ.,
2002, 527 p.
10. Gokulakrishnan P., Fuller C. C., Klassen M. S.,
Joklik R. G., Kochar Y. N., Vaden S. N., Seitzman J. M.
Experiments and modeling of propane combustion with
vitiation. Combustion and Flame. 2014, Vol. 161, No. 8,
P. 2038–2053.
11. Yi T., Gutmark E. J. Real-time prediction of incipient
lean blowout in gas turbine combustors. AIAA
journal. 2007, Vol. 45, No. 7, P. 1734–1739.
12. Moses C., Roets P. Properties, Characteristics and
Combustion Performance of Sasol Fully Synthetic Jet
Fuel. ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and
Power. 2009, Vol. 131, No. 4, P. 041502-041502-17.
13. Canilo P. M., Podgornyy A. N., Khristich V. A.
Energeticheskie i ekologicheskie kharakteristiki GTD pri
ispol'zovanii uglevodorodnykh topliv i vodoroda [Energy
and environmental characteristics of gas turbine engines
when using hydrocarbon fuels and hydrogen]. Kiev,
Nauk. Dumka Publ., 1987, P. 224.
14. Dubovkin N. F. Spravochnik po teplofizicheskim
svoystvam uglevodorodnykh topliv i ikh produktam sgoraniya
[Handbook of the thermophysical properties
of hydrocarbon fuels and their combustion products].
Moscow – Leningrad, Gosenergoizdat Publ., 1962, 288 p.
15. Isserlin A. S. Osnovy szhiganiya gazovogo topliva
[Basics of burning gas fuel]. Leningrad, Nedra Publ.,
1987, 336 p.


Baklanov Andrey Vladimirovich – Associate Professor; Kazan National Research Technical University named
after A. N. Tupolev − KAI. E-mail: andreybaklanov@bk.ru.


  THE INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF FUEL SUPPLY INTO THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER ON THE QUALITY OF MIXING AND ON THE CARBON OXIDE FORMATION